String handling in C programming language

String handling in C programming language

In this tutorial, we will get to know  about String handling in C Programming language

String handling is a technique used for handling any strings in “C” language. We have to handle string using character of the array in C language,  as the string is not a special data type in C language.

The array of character or set of characters represents a string in C language

The array of characters  are always terminated by a null character “\n”

     Memory allocation of string in C using the char array

char greeting[]=”Hello”  //declaration and initialization char in C using array

 

Example of String

• Name of the person
• Address of the house
• Name of item

Declaration of String

We can declare a string in C language in two ways

1. Using an Array
2. Using a pointer

How to declare string Using an array

Syntax

char c[];        or       char c[20];

Initialization of String

char c[]=”Kannan”;       or         char c[20]=”Kannan”;

 

How to declare string Using a pointer

Syntax

char *c=”Kannan”;

Program for the string in C language

Example 1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char name[30]="Jhon seela";
    //Display character array elements as string
    printf("His name is %s\n",name);
    getch();
    return 0;
}

 

When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results

His name is Jhon seela

 

Example 2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char name[30];
    //declaration and initialization of character array
    printf("Enter your name..\n",name);
    scanf("%s",name);
    printf("His name is %s\n",name);
    //Display character array elements as string
    getch();
    return 0;
}

 

When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results

 

Enter your name..
Jack
your name is jack

 

example of the character with the pointer

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char name[30]={'D','a','n','i','a','l'};
    //declaration and initialization of character array
    char *ptr; //Declare a pointer variable
    ptr=name;//Assign the array to pointer
    while(*ptr !='\0'){
    printf("%c",*ptr);
    ptr++;
    }
    getch();
    return 0;
}

 

When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results

Danial

 

Program 3

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    char name[30];
    //declaration and initialization of character array
    printf("Enter name..");
    gets(name); //Function to input string from user
    printf("Name :");
    puts(name);//Function to display string
    getch();
    return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results

Enter name ... Jan nickson
name: Jan nickson

 

In the above program, gets() and puts() string functions used to handle string. both these functions are declared in “stdio.h” header file in C language

Many more pre-defined string handling functions available in C language.  String function in C  language

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