Oop Java

Encapsulation in Java programming language

Encapsulation in Java programming language

In this tutorial, we will discuss Encapsulation in Java programming language.

Concept of Encapsulation

Encapsulation is one of the most important OOP concepts in Java similar C++ and Python.

Other  Oop concepts are inheritance, Polymorphism and Abstraction

Encapsulation is used for security purpose. It binds data members and methods into a single unit with data security. Encapsulation helps to hide the implementation details from the user. This is because data values are private.

Private data member (Variable ) cannot be accessed from outside of class. It is known as data hiding in encapsulation.

To use encapsulation in Java,  data member in the class must be declared as private(for security.

Encapsulation in Java

Advantages of Encapsulation

It improves maintainability, flexibility, and re-usability

Users would not know about what is going on behind on the scenes:

Encapsulation makes  data hiding in Java because other class will not be able to access the private data members inside the class

 

The following shows a  simple example of encapsulation of Java:

Program 1

class stu_name{
    private String name;
//global variable declaration as private
//this variable access only public methods of class
    void set_name(String name)
    {//set method with argument
        this.name=name;//this method can access private variale
//assign local variable to global variable
    }
String get_name(){//get method
    return name;//this method can access private variale
        }
    }
class stu_det1{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        stu_name st=new stu_name();
        //create object for class stu_name
        st.set_name("kannan");
        //call set method
    System.out.println(st.get_name());
    }//call get method
    
    }

 

//save this file as stu_det1.java

When the above program is compiled and executed, it produces the following result

kannan

In the above program, we demonstrate about encapsulation in Java. The variable set as private. The get method(get_Name()) and set method (set_Name())set as public. These two methods are used  to access these variables(name) for arguments.

Program 2

class time{
private int hour;      //the global variable declared as private
private int minute;
private int second;    // hour, minute, second are private variables

public void displayTime() // method is declared for calculate time
{
System.out.println("The time is:"+hour+":"+minute+":"+second);
}
public void setHour(int h){ //set method for hour to access
hour=h;
}
public int getHour(){       //get method for hour to access
return hour;
}
public void setMinute(int m){  //set method for minute to access
minute=m;
}
public int getMinute(){       //get method for second to access
return minute;
}
public void setSecond(int s){  //set method for second to access
second=s;
}
public int getSecond(){          //get method for second to access
return second;
}
}

public class clock{
public static void main(String args[]){
time t=new time();

//setting values of the variables
t.setHour(3);
t.setMinute(05);
t.setSecond(45);

//call method to calculate display time
t.displayTime();
}

}

 

When the above program is compiled and executed, it produces the following result.

The time is:3:5:45

 

Program 3

class studentdetails{ //this class save as studentdetails.java
String name;
int id;
int m1;
int m2;
int m3;
int tot;
int avg;

    void set_Name(String name,int id){
        this.name=name;
        this.id=id;
    }
    void get_Name(){
        System.out.println("student name is:"+name);
        System.out.println("student id is:"+id);
    
    }
    void set_Marks(int m1,int marks2,int marks3){
        this.m1=m1;
        m2=marks2;
        m3=marks3;
    }
    
    void get_Marks(){
        System.out.println("student marks1 is:"+m1);
        System.out.println("student marks2 is:"+m2);
        System.out.println("student marks3 is:"+m3);
        System.out.println("student total is:"+tot);
        System.out.println("student average is:"+avg);
        System.out.println(".......");
    }
    void calculate()
    {
        tot=m1+m2+m3;
        avg=tot/3;
    }
}

 

class calctot{//this class save as clactot.java
public static void main(String args[]){
studentdetails st = new studentdetails();

st.set_Name("Kanthavel",34); 
st.set_Marks(67,78,89); 
st.get_Name();
st.calculate();
st.get_Marks();


}
}

 

When the above program is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

student name is:kanthavel
student id is:34
student marks1 is:67
student marks2 is:78
student marks3 is:89
student total is:234
student average:78
.............

 

Suggested for you

Keywords in Java language

public keyword in Java

static keyword in Java

void keyword in Java

extends keyword in Java

implements keyword in Java

interface keyword in Java

Abstract keyword in Java

class keyword in Java

 

Suggested for you

method in Java language

Encapsulation  in Java language

Abstract class in Java languag

Method overloading in Java language

Constructor in Java Language

Method overriding in Java language

Constructor overloading in Java language

difference to constructor and method in Java

Encapsulation in Java language

 

How to set a path to Java language

Naming conventions in Java language

How to download and install Java

Class and main method in Java language
Method overriding in Java programming language
Karmehavannan

I am Mr S.Karmehavannan. Founder and CEO of this website. This website specially designed for the programming learners and very especially programming beginners, this website will gradually lead the learners to develop their programming skill.

Recent Posts

C# inverted full pyramid star pattern

C# inverted full pyramid star pattern In this article, we will discuss the concept of…

1 week ago

C# Full Pyramid star pattern program

C# Full Pyramid star pattern program In this article, we will discuss the concept of…

4 weeks ago

Program to count vowels,consonants,words, characters and space in Java

Program to count vowels, consonants, words, characters and space in Java In this article, we…

4 weeks ago

How to print multiplication table using Array in C++ language

How to print multiplication table using Array in C++ language In this post, we will…

4 weeks ago

C Program to multiplication table using Array

C Program to multiplication table using Array In this tutorial , we will discuss about…

1 month ago

Java program to check odd or even using recursion

Java program to check odd or even using recursion In this tutorial, we discuss a…

1 month ago